Trump's ‘Big Beautiful Bill’: The complete tax guide for high-income earners
The "Big Beautiful Bill" fundamentally reshapes the tax landscape for high-income earners. The estate tax exemption jumps to $15 million per person, state and local tax deductions quadruple to $40,000 with income limits, and qualified small business stock benefits expand with graduated exclusions starting at just three years.
These changes represent major potential tax savings—but only if you take advantage of all the new tax regulations that may apply to you, which Range highlights here.
How the GOP Budget Law Will Impact Your Taxes
Here are the main changes in Trump’s “Big Beautiful Bill” impacting high-income earners:
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1. SALT Deduction: Temporary $40,000 Limit with Income Phaseouts
What is the SALT Deduction?
The state and local tax (SALT) deduction allows taxpayers to deduct state and local income taxes, property taxes, and sales taxes from their federal taxable income. This deduction is particularly valuable for residents of high-tax states like California, New York, and New Jersey, where state income and property taxes can be substantial.
What Changed?
The SALT deduction cap increases from $10,000 to $40,000 per household for 2025, but this change comes with income level restrictions:
How the New SALT Limits Work
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Real-World Impact
A married couple in California earning $450,000 with $25,000 in state income taxes and $15,000 in state property taxes can now deduct $40,000 instead of $10,000. Assuming a 35% federal rate, this could translate to $10,500 in annual savings, compared to what this household could’ve deducted with the previous SALT Cap. Over a decade, that's $105,000.
Timing Matters: The cap is set to increase by 1% annually through 2029, then reverts to $10,000 in 2030 unless new legislation is passed.
2. Estate Tax: Permanent $30 Million Household Exemption
What is the Estate Tax?
The federal estate tax is a tax on the transfer of wealth when someone dies. It applies to estates valued above a certain threshold (the exemption amount). For 2025, estates worth more than $13.99 million for a single person or $27.98 million for a married couple are subject to a 40% tax rate on the excess amount.
What Changed?
The estate tax exemption permanently increases to $15 million per person ($30 million for married couples) starting in 2026. This isn't just a number change—it's a fundamental shift in generational wealth planning that affects far more families than the current exemption suggests.
Without this bill, the exemption would have dropped to approximately $7 million per person in 2026, $14 million for a couple filing jointly.
Estate Tax Exemption Changes
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Real World Example
A married couple with $25 million in assets would pay $0 in estate taxes under the new law versus potentially $4.4 million if exemptions had dropped to $14 million for a couple filing jointly.
3. Top Federal Income Tax Rate Will Remain at 37%
What is the Top Marginal Tax Rate?
The top marginal tax rate is the highest percentage of federal income tax applied to your last dollar of earned income. For 2025, single filers earning over $626,350 and married couples earning over $751,600 pay 37% on income above those thresholds. This rate was set to expire and revert to 39.6% in 2026 if no new legislation was adopted.
What Changed?
The top marginal income tax rate of 37% becomes permanent for high earners, preventing the scheduled increase to 39.6% in 2026. This affects single filers above $626,350 and married couples above $751,600 in 2025.
Impact of the Top Marginal Tax Rate Update
A high earner with $1 million in ordinary income could potentially save close to $10,000 in annual taxes against their potential tax liability if the 39.6% rate had taken effect as planned.
Beyond the cash savings that come from paying income taxes at a lower rate, this change is helpful to those trying to optimize their tax efficiency because it offers more certainty. High earners can now structure compensation, retirement distributions, and business decisions around a known tax environment rather than planning for rate increases.
4. QSBS: The Startup Equity Game-Changer
What is QSBS?
Qualified Small Business Stock (QSBS) is a special tax benefit for investments in eligible small businesses. Under Section 1202 of the tax code, investors can exclude up to $10 million in capital gains from federal taxes if they hold qualifying stock for at least five years (this remains the benefit for any stock acquired before the new tax law was enacted). The company must be a C-corporation with gross assets under $50 million when the stock is issued, and it must conduct an active business (not passive investments).
What Changed?
QSBS stock purchased after the new law was enacted can access a tax exclusion of 50% three years after its purchase or 75% four years after its purchase. The original five-year holding minimum to access the full deduction remains in place.
Additionally, the maximum tax exclusion increased from $10 million to $15 million (or 10 times your original investment, whichever is greater), while the company’s maximum gross asset threshold rose from $50 million to $75 million, meaning more mature startups remain QSBS-eligible for longer.
Implementation Note: The new QSBS rules apply only to stock acquired after enactment, making timing crucial for current equity holders considering exercise decisions.
New QSBS Holding Period Benefits
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QSBS Tax Savings Example
You exercise $100,000 in startup options that grow to $5 million over four years before acquisition:
- Old rules: $1.37 million in taxes (no exclusion before five years)
- New rules: $343,000 in taxes (75% exclusion after four years)
- Tax savings: Over $1 million
This isn't theoretical—it's the new reality for startup employees and founders.
5. Capital Gains Rate: Preserving Investment-Friendly Taxation
What are Capital Gains Rates?
Capital gains tax applies to profits from selling investments like ETFs, mutual funds, stocks, bonds, or real estate held for more than one year. The rates are 0%, 15%, or 20% depending on your income level, which is generally lower than ordinary income tax rates. For 2025, the 20% rate applies to single filers above $533,401 and married couples above $600,051. High earners also pay an additional 3.8% Net Investment Income Tax.
What Changed?
The new legislation maintains the 20% top long-term capital gains rate permanently, preventing a scheduled increase to 25% in 2026. This preservation of investment-friendly taxation is crucial for high-earners who generate significant capital gains from stock sales, real estate transactions, and business exits.
What Would Have Happened
Without the bill, the top capital gains rate would have jumped to 25% for high-earners in 2026, and the income thresholds would have been tied to ordinary income brackets, meaning more taxpayers would have hit the top rate at lower income levels.
Impact of the Capital Gains Rate Update
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Real-World Example
On a $1 million capital gain, the difference between the 20% and 25% rates is $50,000 in additional taxes. For high earners with substantial investment portfolios or business exits, this preservation of the lower rate could represent significant savings.
Other Important Updates: 100% Bonus Depreciation
What Is Bonus Depreciation?
Bonus depreciation allows businesses and real estate investors to deduct a percentage of qualifying asset costs immediately in the year of purchase, rather than spreading the deduction over multiple years through regular depreciation schedules. This accelerates tax savings and improves cash flow for business owners and property investors.
Qualifying assets include machinery, equipment, technology, furniture, and certain property improvements with recovery periods of 20 years or less.
What Changed?
The "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" permanently restored 100% bonus depreciation for qualified property acquired and placed in service after Jan. 19, 2025. This reverses the previous phase-out schedule that had reduced bonus depreciation to 40% in 2025 and would have eliminated it entirely by 2027.
Thanks to this update, business owners and real estate investors can now deduct the full cost of eligible business assets the year they purchase them, rather than spreading the depreciation over several years. This can unlock thousands in additional first-year deductions while improving cash flow.
Frequently Asked Questions for High Earners
How much will the SALT deduction increase save me on taxes?
The SALT deduction cap increases from $10,000 to $40,000 for incomes up to $500,000. However, the benefit phases out for higher earners, reaching zero at $600,000 in income. A household in New York earning $450,000 with $40,000 in state taxes could save $10,500 annually in federal taxes.
The key insight: This creates a significant tax cliff around $500,000 in income. If you're close to this threshold, income timing strategies become crucial.
What happens to my estate tax exemption under the new bill?
The estate tax exemption permanently increases to $15 million per person ($30 million for married couples filing jointly) starting in 2026. This prevents the scheduled drop to $7 million and could save wealthy families millions in potential estate taxes.
You can now implement long-term wealth transfer strategies without worrying as much about future exemption reductions.
How do the new QSBS rules affect my startup equity?
The bill creates graduated QSBS benefits: 50% exclusion after three years, 75% after four years, and 100% after five years. The maximum exclusion increases from $10 million to $15 million. On a $5 million gain after four years, you could save over $1 million in taxes compared to the previous rules.
When do these tax changes take effect, and what should I do now?
Most provisions take effect for the 2025 tax year, with estate tax exemption increases beginning in 2026. QSBS changes apply only to stock acquired after the law was enacted, making exercise timing crucial for current options holders.
The immediate effective dates mean your tax strategy should account for these changes now.
The Implementation Reality
These changes are now law, but that doesn’t mean you are positioned to fully take advantage of them. The tax planning decisions you make in the next 90 days could determine how much you benefit from these historic changes.
The "Big Beautiful Bill" represents the most significant tax reform for high earners in recent years. The opportunities are substantial, but they require sophisticated planning that goes beyond basic tax preparation. For high-income professionals, the difference between understanding these changes and implementing them strategically could mean hundreds of thousands in tax savings—or missed opportunities that can't be recovered.
The information provided is current as of July 7, 2025, is subject to change, and is not meant to be relied on as tax advice or a recommendation. Please consult the IRS for up-to-date information.
This story was produced by Range and reviewed and distributed by Stacker.
